Method and system for signal quality measurement based on mean phase error magnitude of a signal

ABSTRACT

Various aspects of a method and system from signal quality measurement based on mean phase error magnitude of a signal are presented. Aspects of the system may comprise circuitry that receives a time phase corrected Bluetooth signal via an RF channel. The circuitry may generate a phase error signal based on the received time phase corrected Bluetooth signal, and generate a mean phase error signal based on the generated phase error signal. A signal to noise ratio (SNR) may be derived based on the generated mean phase error signal, and a data rate may be selected based on the derived SNR.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This application makes reference to, claims priority to, and claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/634,727 filed Dec.8, 2004.

The above stated application is hereby incorporated herein by referencein its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Certain embodiments of the invention relate to measure of an RF signal.More specifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to amethod and system for signal quality measurement based on a mean phaseerror magnitude of a signal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Communication systems are known to support wireless and wiredcommunications between wireless and/or wired communication devices. Suchcommunication systems range from national and/or international cellulartelephone systems to the Internet to point-to-point in-home wirelessnetworks. Each type of communication system is designed, and henceoperates, in accordance with one or more communication standards. Forinstance, wireless communication systems may operate in accordance withone or more standards including, but not limited to, IEEE 802.11,Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, globalsystem for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access(CDMA), local multi-point distribution systems (LMDS),multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems (MMDS), and/or variationsthereof.

Depending on the type of wireless communication system, a wirelesscommunication device, such as a cellular telephone, two-way radio,personal digital assistant (PDA), personal computer (PC), laptopcomputer, and/or home entertainment equipment, communicates directly orindirectly with other wireless communication devices. For directcommunications, also known as point-to-point communications,participating wireless communication devices may tune their receiversand transmitters to the same channel, or channels, such as one or moreof the plurality of radio frequency (RF) carriers of the wirelesscommunication system, and communicate over one or more of thosechannels. For indirect wireless communications, each wirelesscommunication device communicates directly with an associated basestation for use of cellular services, for example, and/or an associatedaccess point for use of an in-home or in-building wireless network, forexample, via an assigned channel, or channels. To complete acommunication connection between the wireless communication devices, theassociated base stations and/or associated access points communicatewith each other directly, via a system controller, via the public switchtelephone network, via the internet, and/or via some other wide areanetwork.

For each wireless communication device to participate in a wirelesscommunications session, it may include a built-in radio transceivercomprising a receiver and transmitter, or it may be coupled to anassociated radio transceiver, such as a station for in-home and/orin-building wireless communication networks, and/or an RF modem. Thetransmitter may be adapted to convert data into RF signals by modulatingthe data in accordance with the particular wireless communicationstandard to produce baseband signals and mixes the baseband signal witha local oscillator signal in one or more intermediate frequency stagesto produce the RF signals. The radio receiver may comprise an antennasection, a filtering section, a low noise amplifier, an intermediatefrequency (IF) stage, an equalization stage, and/or a demodulator. Theantenna section may receive RF signals and may provide them to thefiltering section, which, in turn, may pass RF signals of interest tothe low noise amplifier (LNA).

The LNA may amplify the received RF signals of interest and may providethem as amplified RF signals to the IF stage. The IF stage may step downthe frequency of the RF signals of interest to an intermediate frequencyor to baseband. The IF stage may then provide the intermediate frequencysignals, or baseband signals, to the equalization stage. Theequalization stage may add loss or delay to specific frequencies toproduce a flat frequency response. The equalization stage may thenoutput an in-phase (I) and/or a quadrature (Q) component to thedemodulator. The demodulator may be adapted to synchronize the signaland/or to recapture the data in accordance with a demodulation protocol.During operation, the signal quality of a received signal may beutilized to determine how best to receive and demodulate the signal.

In some conventional systems, signal quality of an RF signal is usuallyestimated by using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurementand packet error rate (PER). However, due to interference environment,the received signal strength indicator measurement and packet error ratemeasurement may not provide an accurate estimation of the signalquality. During reception, due to interference, it may be difficult todetermine whether a received signal is an intended received signal orinterference. For example, a strong signal may be received with goodsignal quality, but this signal may be interference rather then theintended received signal. Furthermore, to get an accurate estimate ofthe packet error rate, a large enough population of packets is requiredand this may take a substantial amount of time.

Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditionalapproaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, throughcomparison of such systems with some aspects of the present invention asset forth in the remainder of the present application with reference tothe drawings.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A system and/or method for signal quality measurement based on a meanphase error magnitude of a signal, substantially as shown in and/ordescribed in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forthmore completely in the claims.

These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the presentinvention, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, willbe more fully understood from the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 a is a block diagram of an exemplary system for signal qualitymeasurement based on a mean phase error magnitude of a signal inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 b is an exemplary block diagram of the modem of FIG. 1 a, inwhich signal quality measurement based on a mean phase error magnitudeof a signal may be utilized, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 2 a is an exemplary block diagram of the demodulation block of FIG.1 b in which signal quality measurement based on a mean phase errormagnitude of a signal may be utilized, in accordance with an embodimentof the invention.

FIG. 2 b is an exemplary block diagram of a decision directed time errordetector in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary block diagram of the timing control block inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a plot of mean phase error versus signalto noise ration (SNR), in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary steps for deriving ameasure of received signal quality based on a mean square error, inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary steps for generating atiming error signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and systemfor signal quality measurement based on a mean phase error magnitude ofa signal. Various aspects of the invention estimate signal quality bydetermining a mean phase error magnitude of a received signal at anoptimal sampling instant. For an M-ary PSK signal, the phase of atransmitted signal at the optimal point may be one of M possible phases.For coherent demodulation, the phase of the PSK signal is firstcorrected and the phase that is received may be determined by comparingthe phase error between the received signal and the M possible phases atthe optimal sampling instant. The mean of the phase error magnitude maybe dependent on the channel noise and interference in the receivedsignal. Therefore, the mean phase error magnitude at the optimal instantmay be utilized to estimate the signal quality. Aspects of a method forprocessing a received RF signal may comprise generating a timing errorsignal based on a received Bluetooth signal, comparing the generatedtiming error signal with a numerical threshold value, and generating atime correction signal based on the comparison.

FIG. 1 a is a block diagram of an exemplary system for signal qualitymeasurement based on a mean phase error magnitude of a signal inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 1 a,there is shown a receiver 12 comprising a modem block 14, a processorblock 16 and a memory block 18.

The receiver 12 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic and/or code thatmay be adapted to receive and process a received signal. The modem block14 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic and/or code that may beadapted to modulate and demodulate a received signal. A received RFsignal may be demodulated by the modem block 14 to generate an IFsignal.

The processor block 16 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic and/orcode that may be adapted to handle processing of signals that arereceived by the receiver block 12. The processor block 16 may also beadapted to handle various functions and operations performed duringmodulation and demodulation by the modem block 14.

The memory block 18 may comprise suitable logic and/or circuitry thatmay be adapted to store information handled by the processor block 16and/or the modem block 14, which may be associated with the receiver 12.The memory block 18 may comprise read only memory (ROM) and/or randomaccess memory (RAM). For example, the memory block 18 may be adapted tostore direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) information in atleast a ROM portion of the memory block 18.

FIG. 1 b is an exemplary block diagram of the modem of FIG. 1 a, inwhich signal quality measurement based on mean phase error magnitude ofa signal may be utilized, in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. Referring to FIG. 1 b, there is shown an anti-aliasing filterblock (AAS) 102, a decimator block 104, a direct digital frequencysynthesizer (DDFS) 106, a low pass filter block 108 (LPF), infiniteimpulse response filter block (IIR) 110, time delay line (TDL) block112, a timing control block 142, and a demodulation block 140. FIG. 1 bfurther comprises a selector 113, Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK)receiver block 114, multiplexer (MUX) block 117, decimator block 116,frequency correction block 118, and a synchronization correlator block136. The demodulation block 140 comprises a coordinate rotation digitalcomputer (CORDIC) block 120, adder block 121, differential phase shiftkeying (DPSK) demodulation block 122, timing error detector (TED) block124, loop filter block 132, and an integrator block 134. The timingcontrol block comprises a loop filter block 126, integrator block 128,and a controller block 130. In an embodiment of the invention, a finiteimpulse response (FIR) filter block may be utilized as a replacement ofthe IIR filter block 110.

The anti-aliasing filter block (AAS) 102 may comprise suitablecircuitry, logic and/or code that may be adapted to mitigate the effectsof aliasing in a generated IF signal that may be the result ofdownconversion of the received RF signal. The decimator block 104 maycomprise suitable logic circuitry and/or code that may be adapted todecimate or remove a portion of the output signal from the AAS 102 thatmay not be required. In one embodiment of the invention, the decimatorblock 104 may be adapted to decimate the signal from the MF 102 fromabout 48 MHz down to about 12 MHz.

The direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) 106 may comprisesuitable circuitry, logic, and/or code that may be adapted to providefast frequency switching in the receiver 12 of FIG. 1. The directdigital frequency synthesizer 106 may be adapted to provide fast linearphase and/or frequency switching, while providing excellent spectralpurity. The low pass filter (LPF) block 108 may comprise suitablecircuitry, logic and/or code that may be adapted to low pass filter anoutput signal generated from the DDFS 106. The infinite impulse responsefilter block (IIR) 110 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic, and/orcode that may be adapted to equalize a received signal. The processedsignal generated by the IIR block 110 may comprise a symbol.

The time delay (TDL) block 112 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,and/or code that may be adapted to apply varying levels of timeadjustment to a received symbol from the IIR 110. The amount of timeadjustment applied to the received symbol may be based on a receivedsignal from the controller block 130. The time adjustment may representa time delay or a time advance in a periodic signal. A time delay mayincrease a time interval between the current symbol and a previouslyreceived symbol. A time advance may decrease a time interval between thecurrent symbol and the previously received symbol. The time adjustmentmay comprise a time phase correction in a received symbol.

The selector 113 may couple the output from the TDL block 112 to aninput to the GFSK receiver block 114, or to inputs to the MUX 117 anddecimator 116 blocks. The selector 113 may perform output to inputcoupling based on the portion of the Bluetooth frame currently beingreceived. While receiving the sync word and header portion of theBluetooth frame, the selector 113 may couple the output from the TDLblock 112 to an input to the GFSK receiver block 114. While receivingthe sync sequence portion of the Bluetooth frame and during the guardinterval, the selector 113 may couple the output of the TDL block 112 toan input to the MUX block 117. While receiving the payload portion ofthe Bluetooth frame the selector 113 may couple the output of the TDLblock 112 to an input to the decimator block 116.

The GFSK receiver block 114 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,and/or code that may be adapted to handle the processing of 1 MbpsBluetooth signals and generate an output frequency offset signal. Thefrequency offset signal may represent an estimate to compensate forfrequency drift between the carrier frequency utilized at a transmitterthat transmits the RF signal, and the carrier frequency utilized at thereceiver 12 (FIG. 1 a) that receives the RF signal.

The MUX block 117 may comprise suitable logic circuitry, and/or codethat may be adapted to couple one of a plurality of input signals to anoutput signal. The MUX block 117 may receive input signals from the TDLblock 112, and from the decimator block 116. The MUX block 117 maycouple one of the input signals to an output that is coupled to thefrequency correction block 118.

The decimator block 116 may comprise suitable logic circuitry and/orcode that may be adapted to decimate at least a portion of the outputsignal generated by the TDL 114. The decimator block 116 may digitallysample a received signal from the TDL 114 at an instant in time based ona periodic sampling control signal received from the synchronizationcorrelator block 136. In one embodiment of the invention, the decimatorblock 104 may be adapted to decimate the sampling rate of a signal from12 MHz down to 2 MHz.

The frequency correction block 118 may comprise suitable circuitry,logic, and/or code that may be adapted to correct a frequency of aninput signal received from the MUX block 117. The frequency correctionapplied to the input signal received from the MUX block 117 may be basedon a frequency offset input signal received from the GFSK receiver block114.

The synchronization correlator block 136 may comprise suitablecircuitry, logic and/or code that may be adapted to generate a signalthat controls timing of a digital sampling process. The synchronizationcorrelator block 136 may receive a signal from the frequency correctionblock 118. The synchronization correlator block 136 may utilize thereceived signal to generate a periodic sampling control signal whosetiming is time phase adjusted based on the received signal from thefrequency correlation block 118.

The demodulation block 140 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,and/or code that may be adapted to process a signal comprising a symbol,and extract bits of binary information. The demodulation block 140 mayalso generate a timing error signal that may be utilized for a timephase correction applied to a subsequently received symbol.

The CORDIC block 120 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic, and/or codethat may be adapted to generate, for example, phase and/or angleinformation. The CORDIC block 120 may receive an input signal comprisinga symbol. The symbol may be represented as an in-phase (I) signal and aquadrature (Q) signal, or IQ signal. The CORDIC may process the IQsignal to generate a magnitude signal and a corresponding phase signal.The CORDIC may also process the IQ signal to generate a rotated Isignal, I_(R), and a rotated Q signal, Q_(R·), or I_(R)Q_(R) signal.

The adder block 121 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic, and/or codethat may be adapted to generate a signal based on a summation of binaryinformation contained in a signal received from the CORDIC block 120,and in a signal received from the integrator block 134. A signalgenerated by the adder block 121 may comprise a digital representationof angle information.

The DPSK demodulation block 122 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic,and/or code that may be adapted to process received angle information. Asignal generated by the DPSK demodulation block 122 may comprise adigital representation of phase information. A signal generated by theDPSK demodulation block 122 may comprise binary bits of informationextracted from a received symbol.

The loop filter block 132 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic and/orcode that may be adapted to perform a filtering function on binaryinformation contained in a received signal. The loop filter block 132may generate a weighted average summation based on currently receivedbinary information, and on previously received binary information.

The integrator block 134 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic and/orcode that may be adapted to provide an integration function thatintegrates an output generated from the loop filter block 132. Theintegrator block 134 may perform the integration function on binaryinformation contained in a received signal. The integrator block 134 maygenerate a summation based on currently received binary information, andon previously received binary information.

The timing error detector (TED) block 124 may comprise suitablecircuitry, logic, and/or code that may be adapted to generate a timingerror signal based on received input signals. The TED block 124 mayprocess input signals that comprise magnitude information, and IQsignals. The timing control block 142 may comprise suitable circuitry,logic, and/or code that may be adapted to process a timing error signal,and generate a time phase correction signal.

The loop filter block 126 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic and/orcode that may be adapted to perform a filtering function on binaryinformation contained in a received signal. The loop filter block 126may generate a weighted average summation based on currently receivedbinary information, and on previously received binary information.

The integrator block 128 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic and/orcode that may be adapted to provide an integration function thatintegrates an output generated from the loop filter block 126. Theintegrator block 128 may perform the integration function on binaryinformation contained in a received signal. The integrator block 128 maygenerate a summation based on currently received binary information, andon previously received binary information.

The controller block 130 may comprise suitable circuitry, logic and/orcode that may be adapted to provide an integration function thatintegrates an output generated from the integrator block 126. Thecontroller block 130 may perform the integration function on binaryinformation contained in a received signal. The controller block 130 maygenerate a summation based on currently received binary information, andon previously received binary information. The controller block 130 maycompare the generated summation to a threshold value. The controllerblock 130 may generate a time phase correction signal based on thecomparison between the generated summation and the threshold value.

In operation, the AAF block 102 may receive an IF signal containing thebeginning of a Bluetooth frame. The IF signal may represent a digitalsignal comprising a plurality of samples at distinct time instants. Thedigital IF signal may be characterized by a frequency that correspondsto a sample rate, where the sample rate represents a number of samplesthat may be contained in the IF signal over a specified period of time.In an embodiment of the invention, the frequency of the IF signal may beapproximately 48 MHz.

The AAF block 102 may process the received IF signal to remove aliasingand generate a signal that is communicated to the decimator block 104.The decimator block 104 may reduce the frequency of the IF signal byreducing the number of samples that may be contained in the IF signalover a specified period of time. In an embodiment of the invention, thedecimator may reduce the frequency of the IF signal from approximately48 MHz to approximately 12 MHz.

The DDFS block 106 may generate a frequency carrier signal that may beutilized to demodulate the received IF signal to baseband. Thedemodulated IF signal may comprise a plurality of symbols, where eachsymbol may comprise bits of binary information. Each symbol may berepresented as an in-phase (I) component signal, and a quadrature (Q)component signal. Collectively, the I signal and the Q signal mayrepresent an IQ signal. The DDFS block 106 may communicate the IQ signalto the LPF block 108.

The LPF block 108 may perform low pass filtering on the IQ signalreceived from the DDFS block 106 to remove undesired frequencycomponents from the signal. The low pass filtered IQ signal may becommunicated by the LPF block 108 to the IIR block 110. The IIR block110 may equalize the IQ signal received from the LPF block 108 toimprove the signal quality of the IQ signal. The IIR block maycommunicate the equalized IQ signal to the TDL block 112.

The TDL block 112 may receive the IQ signal at an instant in time. If atime correction signal received from the controller block 130, instructsthe TDL block 112 to retard output of the IQ signal, the TDL block 112may delay communicating the IQ signal to the selector 113 until a laterpoint in time. The retarding of output of the received IQ signal mayincrease the time interval between the output of the current IQ signaland the output of a preceding IQ signal that may have been previouslycommunicated to the selector 113 from the TDL block 112.

If a time correction signal received from the controller block 130,instructs the TDL block 112 to advance output of the IQ signal, the TDLblock 112 may advance communicating the IQ signal to the selector 113 toan earlier point in time. The advance of output of the received IQsignal may decrease the time interval between the output of the currentIQ signal and the output of a preceding IQ signal that may have beenpreviously communicated to the selector 113 from the TDL block 112.

If a time correction signal received from the controller block 130,instructs the TDL block 112 to make no time adjustment in the output ofthe IQ signal, the TDL block 112 may not attempt to alter a point intime for communicating the IQ signal to the selector 113. Whilereceiving the sync word, header, guard interval, and sync word portionsat the beginning of the received Bluetooth frame, the controller block130 may instruct the TDL block 112 to make no time adjustment incommunicating the IQ signal to the selector 113. While receiving thedata payload portion of the Bluetooth frame, the controller block 130may generate a time adjustment signal that may be utilized by the TDLblock 112 to generate a time phase corrected IQ signal.

While processing the sync word and header portions of the receivedBluetooth frame, the selector 113 may couple the IQ signal communicatedby the TDL block 112 to the GFSK receiver 114. The GFSK receiver 114 mayprocess the received IQ signal to generate a frequency offset estimate.At the end of reception of the header portion of the received Bluetoothframe, the GFSK receiver 114 may communicate a frequency offset estimateto the frequency correction block 118.

During the guard interval and during reception of the sync sequenceportion of the received Bluetooth frame, the selector 113 may couple theIQ signal communicated by the TDL block 112 to MUX block 117. The MUXblock 117 may couple the IQ signal to the frequency correction block118. The frequency correction block 118 may utilize the frequency offsetestimate generated by the GFSK receiver 114 to process the received IQsignal during the guard interval and sync sequence portion of thereceived Bluetooth frame. The frequency correction block 118 maysubsequently generate a signal that is communicated to thesynchronization correlator block 136. The synchronization correlatorblock 136 may utilize the received signal from the frequency correctionblock 118 to generate a periodic sampling control signal whose timing istime phase adjusted based on the signal received from the frequencycorrection block 118.

During reception of the data payload portion of the received Bluetoothframe, where a data rate of the received data payload may exceed 1 Mbps,the selector 113 may couple the IQ signal communicated by the TDL block112 to the decimator block 116. The decimator block 116 may digitallysample the IQ signal at an instant in time based on the periodicsampling control signal received from the synchronization correlatorblock 136. The decimator block 116 may reduce the frequency of the IQsignal by reducing the number of samples that may be contained in thebaseband signal over a specified period of time. In an embodiment of theinvention, the decimator may reduce the frequency of the baseband signalfrom approximately 12 MHz to approximately 2 MHz.

During reception of the data payload portion of the received Bluetoothframe, where the data payload portion may be coded utilizing DQPSK, orD8PSK modulation types, the MUX block 117 may communicate the IQ signal,received from the decimator block 116, to the frequency correction block118. The frequency correction block 118 may apply a frequency correctionto adjust the frequency of the received IQ signal based on the frequencyoffset signal generated by the GFSK receiver block 114 during receptionof the preceding sync word and header portions of the currently receivedBluetooth frame.

During reception of the data payload portion of the received Bluetoothframe, where the data payload portion may be coded utilizing DQPSK, orD8PSK modulation types, the CORDIC block 120 may receive a frequencycorrected IQ signal from the frequency correction block 118. Thefrequency corrected IQ signal may comprise a symbol. For every twosymbols received by the CORDIC block 120, a signal may be generated fora first received IQ signal, IQ1, comprising a first symbol, and a signalmay be generated for a second received IQ signal, IQ2, comprising asecond symbol. The CORDIC block 120 may process the IQ1 signal from arectangular representation of the first symbol comprising I and Qsignals, to a polar representation comprising magnitude, mag1, andangle, ang1, signals. The CORDIC block 120 may process the IQ2 signal togenerate a rotated IQ2 signal, where the rectangular representation ofthe rotated I signal may represent a vector that is rotated compared tothe frequency corrected I signal received from the frequency correctionblock 118. The rectangular representation of the rotated Q signal mayrepresent a vector that is rotated compared to the frequency corrected Qsignal received from the frequency correction block 118.

The adder block 121 may receive an angle ang1 signal from the CORDICblock 120. The adder block 121 may also receive a phase rotation signalfrom the integrator block 134. The adder block 121 may generate an anglesignal based on a summation of binary information contained in thesignals received from the CORDIC block 120, and the integrator block134.

The DPSK demodulation block 122 may receive an angle signal from theadder block 121. The DSPK demodulation block 122 may utilize thereceived angle signal to extract bits of binary information from areceived symbol. The extracted bits may comprise demodulated bits ofbinary information contained in a signal that was encoded andtransmitted by a transmitter via an RF channel, and received and decodedby a receiver 12 (FIG. 1 a). The DPSK demodulation block 122 maygenerate a phase signal and a phase error signal based on the receivedangle signal. The phase signal may comprise a numerical value thatcorresponds to a range of numerical values represented in the receivedangle signal. The phase error signal may comprise a numerical valuebased on the amount by which the numerical value of the phase differsfrom the numerical value contained in the received angle signal.

The loop filter block 132 may generate a weighted average of numericalvalues from a plurality of phase error signals received from the DPSKdemodulation block 122. The integrator block 134 may generate anumerical summation of numerical values from a plurality of signalsgenerated by the loop filter block 132. The generated numericalsummation may be contained in a phase rotation signal generated by theintegrator block 134.

The TED block 124 may receive a magnitude mag1 signal and an IQ2 signalfrom the CORDIC block 120. Based on the received signals from the CORDICblock 120, the TED block 124 may generate a timing error signal. Thetiming error signal may comprise a numerical value that is based onmodulation errors in a plurality of digital samples of IQ signalsreceived over a range of time instants detected at the receiver 12.

The loop filter block 126 may generate a weighted average of numericalvalues from a plurality of timing error signals received from the TEDblock 124. The integrator block 128 may generate a numerical summationof numerical values from a plurality of signals generated by the loopfilter block 126. The controller block 130 may generate a numericalsummation of numerical values from a plurality of signals generated bythe integrator block 128. The controller block 130 may compare thegenerated numerical summation to a numerical threshold value. Based onthe comparison between the generated numerical summation and thenumerical threshold value, the controller block 130 may communicate atime correction signal that instructs the TDL block 112 to advance intime, or retard in time, the communication of a received IQ signal fromthe IIR block 110, to the selector 113.

FIG. 2 a is an exemplary block diagram of the demodulation block of FIG.1 b in which signal quality measurement based on mean phase errormagnitude of a signal may be utilized, in accordance with an embodimentof the invention. Referring to FIG. 2 a, there is shown a CORDIC block202, a timing error detector (TED) block 244, an adder block 204, modulocounter block 206, TED lookup table block 242, differential phase shiftkeying (DPSK) demodulator block 230, integrator block 240, and loopfilter block 250. The DPSK demodulator block 230 may comprise a slicerblock 210, adder block 212, demodulation lookup table block 214, delayblock (D) 216, and phase error mapping block 218. The loop filter block250 may comprise multiplier blocks 228, and 232, adder blocks 226, and234, and delay block (D) 224. The integrator block 240 may comprise amodulo counter block 220, a delay block 222, and an adder block 236.

The coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) block 202 may receivea plurality of frequency corrected IQ signals. The CORDIC block 202 mayprocess a first received IQ signal to generate a magnitude, mag1, and anangle, ang1. The magnitude mag1 may represent the magnitude of a vectordefined by the individual signals I and Q for the first received IQsignal. The angle ang1 may represent the arctangent of the ratio of theindividual signals I and Q for the first received IQ signal. The CORDICblock 202 may process a second received IQ signal to generate an IQ2signal. The IQ2 signal may represent a vector that is a rotated versionof the vector defined by the second received IQ signal. The amount bywhich the IQ2 signal is rotated relative to the second received IQsignal may be determined based on a phase rotation signal received bythe CORDIC block 202 from the integrator block 240. Each of themagnitude mag1, the angle ang1, and the IQ2 signal may comprise aplurality of bits of binary information. In one embodiment of theinvention, the magnitude mag1 may comprise 14 bits, the angle ang1 maycomprise 12 bits, and the IQ2 signal may comprise 14 bits. A pluralityof bits of binary information may form a binary representation of anumber that comprises an integer part and a fractional part. The adderblock 204 may generate a signal based on a summation of binaryinformation contained in an ang1 signal from the CORDIC block 202, andin a phase rotation signal from the integrator block 240.

The modulo counter block 206 may generate a signal based on binaryinformation contained in a received signal from the adder block 204. Themodulo counter block 206 may process binary information contained in areceived signal to generate processed binary information whose numericalvalue is less than an upper bound value and greater than a lower boundvalue. The output signal from the modulo counter block 206 based on theprocessed binary information may comprise angle information. In anembodiment of the invention the modulo counter block 206 may implement amodulo 8 counter with an upper bound value of 4 and a lower bound valueof −4. The modulo counter block 206 may process binary informationcontained in a received signal to generate processed binary informationwhose value is greater than −4 and less than 4.

The DPSK demodulator block 230 may implement DPSK demodulation, based onreceived angle information comprising binary bits of information, toextract bits of binary information contained in a received symbol. TheDPSK demodulator block 230 may generate an associated phase errorsignal. The slicer block 210 may process binary information, containedin angle information received from the modulo counter block 206, togenerate a phase signal. The phase signal generated by the slicer block210 from the received angle information may be based on binaryinformation contained in reference phase information received from thedelay block 216. The following code illustrates exemplary generation ofphase by the slicer block 210 based on an angle, and a reference phase,ref_phase, for the modulation type DQPSK:

if (ref_phase%2==0) { if ((angle>=0.5) && (angle<=2.5)) phase = 1; elseif ((angle<0.5) && (angle>=−1.5)) phase = 7; else if ((angle<−1.5) &&(angle>=−3.5)) phase = 5; else phase = 3; } else { if ((angle<=3.5) &&(angle>=1.5)) phase = 2; else if ((angle<1.5) && (angle>=−0.5)) phase =0; else if ((angle<−0.5) && (angle>=−2.5)) phase = 6; else phase = 4; }

The following code illustrates generation of phase by the slicer block210 based on an angle, and a reference phase, ref_phase, for themodulation type D8PSK:

if (angle>=0) phase = (int) angle; else phase = 7 + (int) angle; if(angle==−4) phase = 4;

The delay block 216 may process a received signal by generating anequivalent output signal at a later instant in time. The amount of timethat transpires between when the received signal is received by thedelay block 216, and when the equivalent output signal is generated bythe delay block 216, may represent a time delay. The time delayed outputsignal from the delay block 216 may represent reference phaseinformation. In an embodiment of the invention the time delay applied bythe delay block 216 may be about 1 microsecond.

The adder block 212 may generate a signal based on a summation of binaryinformation contained in a received phase signal from the slicer block210, and in a reference phase signal received from the delay block 216.The adder block 212 may process binary information contained in thereference phase signal to generate a binary representation whosenumerical value is the negative of the numerical value of the binaryrepresentation of the reference phase signal. As a result of thenegation of the reference phase signal, the adder block 212 may generatea phase change signal that comprises a difference between the phasesignal and the reference phase signal.

The demodulation lookup table block 214 may process binary information,contained in a received phase change signal from the adder block 212, togenerate demodulated bits. Table 1 presents an exemplary relationshipthat illustrates the generation of demodulation bits. In Table 1, theheading demod bit may represent the numerical value of the demodulationbits, by the demodulation lookup table block 214 based on a phase changefor the modulation type DQPSK:

TABLE 1 Phase Change Demod Bit 1 0 3 2 5 3 7 1

Table 2 presents an exemplary relationship that illustrates thegeneration of demodulation bits. The heading, demod bit, may representthe numerical value of the demodulation bits, by the demodulation lookuptable block 214 based on a phase change for the modulation type D8PSK:

TABLE 2 Phase Change Demod Bit 0 0 1 4 2 6 3 2 4 3 5 7 6 5 7 1

The phase error mapping block 218 may compare binary informationcontained in a received signal comprising angle information, from themodulo counter block 206, with binary information contained in areceived phase signal, from the slicer block 210. The phase errormapping block 218 may generate a phase error signal based on thecomparison.

The following code illustrates the generation of a phase error,phase_error, by the phase error mapping black 214 based on an angle, anda phase for the modulation type DQPSK:

phase_error = (phase>=4) ? (phase−7.5) − angle : (phase+0.5) − angle; if(phase_error > 1) phase_error −=8; if (phase_error < −1) phase_error +=8;The following expression presents an exemplary relationship thatillustrates the generation of a phase error, phase_error, by the phaseerror mapping block 214 based on an angle, and a phase for modulationtype D8PSK:phase_error=(phase>=4)?(phase−7.5)−angle:(phase+0.5)−angle;

The loop filter block 250 may implement a filtering function to processa received phase error signal from the phase error mapping block 218.The loop filter block 250 may generate a signal that represents aweighted average of the numerical values of binary information containedin a plurality of received phase error signals. The numerical values ofbinary information in generated signal from the loop filter block 250may exhibit less variation when observed over a range of time instantsin comparison to the numerical values of binary information contained ina plurality of received phase error signals observed over approximatelythe same range of time instants. The adder block 234 may generate asignal based on a summation of binary information contained in areceived phase error signal, from the phase error mapping block 218, andin a signal received from the delay block 224.

The delay block 224 may process a received signal by generating anequivalent output signal at a later instant in time. The amount of timethat transpires between when the received signal is received by thedelay block 224, and when the equivalent output signal is generated bythe delay block 224, may represent a time delay. In an embodiment of theinvention the time delay applied by the delay block 224 may be about 1microsecond.

The multiplier block 228 may generate a signal based on a multiplicativescaling of binary information contained in a received signal, from theadder block 234. The multiplier block 228 may multiply the numericalvalue of binary information contained in the received signal by a scalefactor whose numerical value is approximately equal to a numberrepresented by the variable b.

The multiplier block 232 may generate a signal based on a multiplicativescaling of binary information contained in a received phase errorsignal, from the phase error mapping block 218. The multiplier block 232may multiply the numerical value of binary information contained in thereceived phase error signal by a scale factor whose numerical value isapproximately equal to a number represented by the variable a. The adderblock 226 may generate a signal based on a summation of binaryinformation contained in a received signal, from the multiplier block228, and in a signal received from the multiplier block 232.

The integrator block 240 may implement an integration function toprocess a received signal from the loop filter block 250. The integratorblock 240 may generate a signal that represents a summation of thenumerical values of binary information contained in a plurality ofreceived signals from the loop filter block 250. The adder block 236 maygenerate a signal based on a summation of binary information containedin a received signal, from the loop filter block 250, and in a signalreceived from the delay block 222.

The delay block 222 may process a received signal by generating anequivalent output signal at a later instant in time. The amount of timethat transpires between when the received signal is received by thedelay block 222, and when the equivalent output signal is generated bythe delay block 222, may represent a time delay. In an embodiment of theinvention the time delay applied by the delay block 222 may be equal toabout 1 microsecond.

The modulo counter block 220 may generate a signal based on binaryinformation contained in a received signal from the adder block 236. Themodulo counter block 220 may process binary information contained in areceived signal to generate processed binary information whose numericalvalue is less than an upper bound value and greater than a lower boundvalue. The output signal from the modulo counter block 220 based on theprocessed binary information may comprise phase rotation information. Inan embodiment of the invention, the modulo counter block 220 mayimplement a modulo 8 counter with an upper bound value of 4 and a lowerbound value of −4. The modulo counter block 220 may process binaryinformation contained in a received signal to generate processed binaryinformation whose value is greater than −4 and less than 4.

The timing error detector (TED) lookup table block 242 may processbinary information contained in a received signal comprising phaseinformation, from the modulo counter block 206. The timing errordetector block 242 may generate an IQ signal based on the received phaseinformation. In an embodiment of the invention the IQ signal generatedby the TED lookup table block 242 may comprise 4 bits of binaryinformation. A plurality of bits of binary information may form a binaryrepresentation of a number that comprises an integer part and afractional part. Table 3 presents an exemplary relationship thatillustrates the generation of an IQ signal, where the IQ signal may berepresented by the expression, I+jQ, by the TED lookup table block 242based on a phase:

TABLE 3 Phase IQ 0 0.92387953 + j 0.3268343  1  0.3268343 + j 0.923879532 −0.3268343 + j 0.92387953 3 −0.92387953 + j 0.3268343    4 −0.92387953− j 0.3268343    5 −0.3268343 − j 0.92387953 6  0.3268343 − j 0.923879537 0.92387953 − j 0.3268343 

The timing error detector block (TED) 244 may process binary informationcontained in an IQ2 signal, from the CORDIC block 202, binaryinformation contained in a magnitude signal mag1, from the CORDIC block202, and binary information contained in an IQ signal, from the TEDlookup table block 242. The TED block 244 may generate a timing errorsignal based on the received IQ2, mag1, and IQ signals.

In operation the slicer block 210 may utilize a phase signal generatedbased on an angle signal received at a preceding time instant from themodulo counter block 206 to generate a phase signal based on an anglesignal received at a subsequent time instant from the modulo counterblock 206. The adder block 212 may generate a phase change signal basedon a numerical difference between a numerical value of a phase signalgenerated at a preceding time instant by the slicer block 210, and anumerical value of a phase signal generated at a subsequent time instantby the slicer block 210.

FIG. 2 b is an exemplary block diagram of a decision directed time errordetector in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 2 b there is shown a multiplier block 281, scale block 282,normalize block 284, lookup table (LUT) block 286, multiplier block 285,adder block 287, a delay block 288, a multiplexer (MUX) 290, delayblocks 292, 294, and 296, and timing error generator block 298.

The multiplier block 281 may generate a signal based on a multiplicativescaling of binary information contained in a received IQ2 signal, fromthe CORDIC block 202. The multiplier block 281 may multiply thenumerical value of binary information contained in the received IQ2signal by a scale factor whose numerical value is approximately equal tothe numerical value of binary information contained in a received signalfrom the LUT block 286. The adder block 287 may generate a signal basedon a summation of binary information contained in a received magnitudesignal mag1, from the CORDIC block 202, and in a signal received fromthe delay block 288.

The delay block 288 may process a received signal by generating anequivalent output signal at a later instant in time. The amount of timethat transpires between when the received signal is received by thedelay block 288, and when the equivalent output signal is generated bythe delay block 288, may represent a time delay. In an embodiment of theinvention the time delay applied by the delay block 288 may be about 1microsecond.

The multiplier block 285 may generate a signal based on a multiplicativescaling of binary information contained in a received signal from theadder block 287. The multiplier block 285 may multiply the numericalvalue of binary information contained in the received signal by a scalefactor whose numerical value is approximately equal to about 0.125. Inan embodiment of the invention the signal generated by the multiplierblock 285 may comprise 14 bits of binary information. A plurality ofbits of binary information may form a binary representation of a numberthat comprises an integer part and a fractional part. The normalizeblock 284 may generate a signal based on a normalization of binaryinformation contained in a received signal from the multiplier block285. The normalize block 284 may process binary information contained ina received signal to generate an index signal. The following codeillustrates the normalization of a received signal, x, by the normalizeblock 284:

n=0; if (x >= 1) { while (x > = 1) { n −= 1; x /= 2; } } else { while (x< 0.5) { n += 1; x *= 2; } }where the variable, n, may represent normalization counter. The value ofthe received signal x after processing by the normalize block, may beutilized to generate a numerical value corresponding to the indexsignal, k:k=(int)(2*LUTsize*(x−0.5))  equation[1]where the variable LUTsize may represent the number of entries containedin a lookup table.

The LUT block 286 may generate a signal based on a received index signalfrom the normalize block 284. The LUT may utilize binary informationcontained in the index signal to select an entry from a lookup tablecomprising a plurality of entries. The LUT block 286 may generate asignal containing binary information whose numerical value isapproximately equal to that of the selected entry from the lookup table.An exemplary lookup table that may be utilized by the LUT block 286 maybe represented as follows:LUT[k]=1/(0.5+0.5*k/LUTsize)  equation[2]where the index variable, k, represents an index that may be utilized bythe LUT block 286 to select an entry from a lookup table comprising anumber of entries equal to the numerical value of the variable LUTsize.The range of values for the index variable k may be represented:0<=k<=LUTsize−1  equation[3]

The scale block 282 may generate a scaled IQ2 signal based on a receivedsignal from the multiplier block 281. The scale block 282 may multiplythe numerical value of binary information contained in the receivedsignal by a scale factor whose numerical value is based on an amount ornormalizing performed by the normalize block 284. In an embodiment ofthe invention, the scale factor may be approximately equal to 2^(n),where the value of the normalization counter n may be determined basedon processing performed by the normalize block 284 as illustrated inTable 8.

The MUX block 290 may couple one of a plurality of input signals to anoutput signal based on a timing signal. The MUX block 290 may receiveinput signals comprising an IQ signal from the TED lookup table 242, anda scaled IQ2 signal from the scale block 282. The MUX block 290 mayutilize a Bluetooth 1x strobe, bt1xStrobe timing signal, generated bythe synchronization correlator block 136, to select one input signalfrom the plurality of input signals to be utilized in generating anoutput signal. The bt1xStrobe timing signal may represent a periodicsignal. In an embodiment of the invention, the bt1xStrobe timing signalmay comprise an alternating binary asserted LOW followed by binaryasserted HIGH sample sequence, wherein the time interval for eachcomponent in the sample sequence may be approximately 500 nanoseconds.In an embodiment of the invention, the MUX 290 may generate an outputsignal based on the received IQ signal when the current sample in thebt1xStrobe timing signal is asserted binary HIGH. The MUX 290 maygenerate an output signal based on the received scaled IQ2 signal whenthe current sample in the bt1xStrobe timing signal is asserted binaryLOW.

The delay blocks 292, 294, and 296 may process a received signal bygenerating an equivalent output signal at a later instant in time. Theamount of time that transpires between when the received signal isreceived by the delay block 292, 294, or 296 and when the equivalentoutput signal is generated by the delay block 292, 294, or 296 mayrepresent a time delay. In an embodiment of the invention the time delayapplied by the delay block 292, 294, or 296 may be about 500nanoseconds.

The timing error generator block 298 may process received signals fromthe delay blocks 292, 294, and 296 to generate a timing error signal.Signals may be received at the timing error generator block based on thebt1xStrobe timing signal, generated by the synchronization correlatorblock 136.

In operation the magnitude mag1 signal received from the CORDIC block202 may be utilized generate a scaled version of the IQ2 signal receivedfrom the CORDIC block 202. The scaled IQ2 signal generated by the scaleblock 282 may comprise a vector representation whose magnitude isapproximately equal to the magnitude of the vector representation of thescaled IQ signal received by the MUX block 290 and generated by the TEDlookup table block 242. The timing error generator block 298 maygenerate a timing error signal based on a plurality of time delayedsignals generated by the MUX block 290.

The signal generated by the delay block 296 and received by the timingerror generator block 298 at a time instant based on the bt1xStrobetiming signal may comprise a signal generated by the MUX block 290 at apreceding time instant. For example, for a signal generated by the MUXblock 290 at a time instant identified as time=n, the signal generatedby the delay block 296 at time=n may have been generated by the MUXblock 290 at time=n-3. The signal generated by the delay block 296 attime=n may be referred to as signal(n-3). The signal, signal(n-3), mayrepresent a complex quantity comprising a real component,re(signal(n-3)), and an imaginary component, im(signal(n-3)).

The signal generated by the delay block 294 and received by the timingerror generator block 298 at a time instant based on the bt1xStrobetiming signal may comprise a signal generated by the MUX block 290 at atime instant subsequent to the time instant at which the signalgenerated by the delay block 296 was generated by the MUX block 290. Forexample, for a signal generated by the MUX block 290 at a time instantidentified as time=n, the signal generated by the delay block 294 attime=n may have been generated by the MUX block 290 at time=n-2. Thesignal generated by the delay block 294 at time=n may be referred to assignal(n-2). The signal, signal(n-2), may represent a complex quantitycomprising a real component, re(signal(n-2)), and an imaginarycomponent, im(signal(n-2)).

The signal generated by the delay block 292 and received by the timingerror generator block 298 at a time instant based on the bt1xStrobetiming signal may comprise a signal generated by the MUX block 290 at atime instant subsequent to the time instant at which the signalgenerated by the delay block 294 was generated by the MUX block 290. Forexample, for a signal generated by the MUX block 290 at a time instantidentified as time=n, the signal generated by the delay block 292 attime=n may have been generated by the MUX block 290 at time=n-1. Thesignal generated by the delay block 292 at time=n may be referred to assignal(n-1). The signal, signal(n-1), may represent a complex quantitycomprising a real component, re(signal(n-1)), and an imaginarycomponent, im(signal(n-1)).

The MUX block 290 may generate a timing error signal, T_(err), based onthe complex signals signal(n-1), signal(n-2), and signal(n-3):T_(err)=(re(signal(n-3))−re(signal(n-1)))*re(signal(n-2))+(im(signal(n-3))−im(signal(n-1)))*im(signal(n-2))  equation[4]

FIG. 3 is an exemplary block diagram of the timing control block inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 3there is shown a loop filter block 302, integrator 304, and controller306. The loop filter block 302 may comprise multiplier blocks 312, and314, adder blocks 310, and 316, and delay block (D) 318. The integratorblock 304 may comprise a modulo counter block 324, a delay block 322,and an adder block 320. The controller block 306 may comprise a delayblock 328, an adder block 326, and a threshold block 330.

The loop filter block 302 may implement a filtering function to processa received timing error signal from the timing error detector (TED)block 244 (FIG. 2 a). The loop filter block 302 may generate a signalthat represents a weighted average of the numerical values of binaryinformation contained in a plurality of received phase error signals.The numerical values of binary information in generated signal from theloop filter block 302 may exhibit less variation when observed over arange of time instants in comparison to the numerical values of binaryinformation contained in a plurality of received phase error signalsobserved over approximately the same range of time instants.

The adder block 310 may generate a signal based on a summation of binaryinformation contained in a received timing error signal, from the TEDblock 244, and in a signal received from the delay block 318.

The delay block 318 may process a received signal by generating anequivalent output signal at a later instant in time. The amount of timethat transpires between when the received signal is received by thedelay block 318, and when the equivalent output signal is generated bythe delay block 318, may represent a time delay. In an embodiment of theinvention, the time delay applied by the delay block 318 may be about 1microsecond.

The multiplier block 314 may generate a signal based on a multiplicativescaling of binary information contained in a received signal, from theadder block 310. The multiplier block 314 may multiply the numericalvalue of binary information contained in the received signal by a scalefactor whose numerical value is approximately equal to a numberrepresented by the variable b. In an embodiment of the invention, thesignal generated by the multiplier block 314 may comprise 13 bits ofbinary information. A plurality of bits of binary information may form abinary representation of a number that comprises an integer part and afractional part.

The multiplier block 312 may generate a signal based on a multiplicativescaling of binary information contained in a received timing errorsignal, from the TED block 244. The multiplier block 312 may multiplythe numerical value of binary information contained in the receivedphase error signal by a scale factor whose numerical value isapproximately equal to a number represented by the variable a. In anembodiment of the invention, the signal generated by the multiplierblock 312 may comprise 13 bits of binary information. A plurality ofbits of binary information may form a binary representation of a numberthat comprises an integer part and a fractional part. The adder block316 may generate a signal based on a summation of binary informationcontained in a received signal, from the multiplier block 314, and in asignal received from the multiplier block 312.

The integrator block 304 may implement an integration function toprocess a received signal from the loop filter block 302: The integratorblock 304 may generate a signal that represents a summation of thenumerical values of binary information contained in a plurality ofreceived signals from the loop filter block 302. The adder block 320 maygenerate a signal based on a summation of binary information containedin a received signal, from the loop filter block 302, and in a signalreceived from the delay block 322.

The delay block 322 may process a received signal by generating anequivalent output signal at a later instant in time. The amount of timethat transpires between when the received signal is received by thedelay block 322, and when the equivalent output signal is generated bythe delay block 322, may represent a time delay. In an embodiment of theinvention, the time delay applied by the delay block 322 may be about 1microsecond.

The modulo counter block 324 may generate a signal based on binaryinformation contained in a received signal from the adder block 320. Themodulo counter block 324 may process binary information contained in areceived signal to generate processed binary information whose numericalvalue is less than an upper bound value and greater than a lower boundvalue. The output signal from the modulo counter block 324 based on theprocessed binary information may comprise phase rotation information. Inan embodiment of the invention, the modulo counter block 324 mayimplement a modulo 8 counter with an upper bound value of 4 and a lowerbound value of −4. The modulo counter block 324 may process binaryinformation contained in a received signal to generate processed binaryinformation whose value is greater than −4 and less than 4.

The controller block 306 may implement a threshold function to process areceived signal from the integrator block 304. The controller block 306may generate a signal that represents a summation of the numericalvalues of binary information contained in a plurality of receivedsignals from the integrator block 304. The controller block may comparenumerical value resulting from the summation to a threshold value. Basedon the comparison the controller block may generate a timing adjustmentsignal.

The delay block 328 may process a received signal by generating anequivalent output signal at a later instant in time. The amount of timethat transpires between when the received signal is received by thedelay block 328, and when the equivalent output signal is generated bythe delay block 328, may represent a time delay. In an embodiment of theinvention, the time delay applied by the delay block 322 may be about100 microseconds. The adder block 326 may generate a signal based on asummation of binary information contained in a received signal, from theintegrator block 304, and in a signal received from the delay block 328.In an embodiment of the invention, the signal generated by the adderblock 326 may comprise 18 bits of binary information. A plurality ofbits of binary information may form a binary representation of a numberthat comprises an integer part and a fractional part.

The threshold block 330 may generate a timing adjustment signal based ona comparison between a numerical threshold value, and the numericalvalue of binary information contained in a signal received from theadder block 326. Various embodiments of the invention may not be limitedto a specific modulation type and may be applicable to a plurality ofmodulation types. For example, a payload portion of a received Bluetoothframe may utilize differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK),differential 8-level phase shift keying (D8PSK), or other M-level, orM-ary, modulation types.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating a plot of mean phase error versus signalto noise ration (SNR), in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. Referring to FIG. 4 there is shown plot 402, and plot 404.Plot 402 may represent a plot of mean phase error versus SNR for a datarate of 2 Mbps. The mean phase error may be measured in units ofradians. The data rate may represent the data rate for a data payloadportion of a received Bluetooth frame. The DQPSK modulation type may beutilized to transmit a data payload portion of a Bluetooth frame at adata rate of 2 Mbps. Plot 404 may represent a plot of mean phase errorversus SNR for a data rate of 3 Mbps. The mean phase error may bemeasured in units of radians. The data rate may represent the data ratefor the data payload portion of a received Bluetooth frame. The D8PSKmodulation type may be utilized to transmit a data payload portion of aBluetooth frame at a data rate of 3 Mbps.

In operation, the processor 16 (FIG. 1 a) in the Bluetooth receiver 12may receive the phase error signal generated by the phase error mappingblock 218 (FIG. 2 a). The processor may utilize binary informationcontained in the received phase error signal to determine a numericalvalue for a mean phase error. From the derived mean phase error, theprocessor 16 may estimate the received signal quality for a receivedBluetooth signal. Based on the estimated signal quality, the data rateutilized to transmit the data payload portion of a Bluetooth frame maybe selected. A modulation type may be selected based on, for example,the selected data rate. For example, utilizing FIG. 4, if there is atarget SNR for a received RF signal of less than −90 dB, the derivedphase error may be required to be no greater than approximately 0.7radians if a subsequently received Bluetooth frame is to utilize D8PSKmodulation. However, if a subsequently received Bluetooth frame is toutilize DQPSK modulation the derived mean phase error may be required tobe no greater than approximately 1.15 radians.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary steps for deriving ameasure of received signal quality based on mean square error, inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 5, instep 502 a sync word and header portion of a Bluetooth frame may bereceived by a receiver 12 (FIG. 1 a). In step 504, the TDL block 112(FIG. 1 b) may output a sync word and header portion of a receivedBluetooth frame without utilizing time phase correction. In step 506,the GFSK receiver 114 may process the sync word and header and generatea frequency offset estimate. In step 508 sync sequence portion of aBluetooth frame may be received by a receiver 12. In step 510, thefrequency correction block 118 may correct the frequency of a receivedBluetooth signal based on the generated frequency offset estimate.

In step 512, a data payload portion of a Bluetooth frame may be receivedby the TDL block 112. The data rate for the received data payload mayexceed 1 Mbps. The sample output of the received data payload from theTDL block 112 may be delayed based on a time correction signal from step546. In step 514 the frequency correction block 118 may correct thefrequency of the received Bluetooth signal carrying the data payloadbased on the generated frequency offset estimate. In step 516, thesynchronization correlator block 136 may estimate an optimum samplinginstant. In step 518 a received data payload may be sampled by thedecimator block 116 at a time instant based on a periodic samplingcontrol signal generated by the synchronization correlator block 136.

Step 520 may determine whether a sample is at an optimum samplinginstant. If a sample is not at an optimum sampling instant, in step 524the CORDIC block 120 may generate a rotated IQ symbol, identified asIQ(2). The CORDIC block 120 may utilize a phase rotation signal fromstep 544. The IQ(2) symbol may be utilized in step 538 that may followstep 524. If a sample is at an optimum sampling instant, at step 522 theCORDIC 120 may generate magnitude and angle information for the IQsample.

In step 526, modulo counter block 206 (FIG. 2 a) may derive an anglebased on an angle from the CORDIC block 202, and a phase rotation signalfrom step 544. In step 528 the angle from step 526 may be utilized bythe slicer block 210 to generate a modulation phase. The modulationphase generated in step 528 may be utilized to generate a plurality ofsignals. In step 530, the modulation phase may be utilized to derive adifferential modulation phase. In step 536, the differential modulationphase derived in step 530 may be utilized by the demodulation lookuptable block 214 to derive bits of binary information contained in asymbol.

In step 532, the modulation phase generated in step 528 may be utilizedby the TED lookup table block 242 to generate an IQ signal. In step 538,the IQ signal from the TED lookup table block 242, the IQ(2) signal fromthe CORDIC block 202, and the magnitude from the CORDIC block 202, maybe utilized by the TED block 244 to generate a timing error signal. Instep 542, the timing control block 142 (FIG. 1 b) may utilize the timingerror signal, generated in step 538, to derive a time correction signal.Step 546 may represent a reference to the derived time correction signalfrom step 542.

In step 534, the modulation phase generated in step 528 may be utilizedby the phase error mapping block 218 to derive a phase error signal. Instep 540, the phase error signal derived in step 534 may be utilized bythe loop filter 250, and the integrator 240, to derive a phase rotationsignal. Step 544 may represent a reference to the derived phase rotationsignal from step 540.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary steps for generating atiming error signal, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.Referring to FIG. 6, in step 602 an IQ(2) signal, and a magnitude signalmag1 may be received from the CORDIC block 202 (FIG. 2 a). In step 604,a scaled (IQ(2)) signal may be generated. In step 606, an IQ signal maybe received from the TED lookup table block 242. Step 608 may determinewhether the bt1xStrobe signal, from the synchronization correlator block136 (FIG. 1 b), is asserted logic HIGH. If it is, in step 610, the MUX290 (FIG. 2 b) may generate a signal at a time instant time=n, where thegenerated signal comprises a sample of the IQ signal at the time instanttime=n. If the bt1xStrobe signal is not asserted HIGH at step 608, instep 612, the MUX 290 may generate a signal at a time instant time=n,where the generated signal comprises a sample of the scaled (IQ(2))signal at the time instant time=n. In step 614 the signal sampled instep 610 or 612 may be time delayed. The time instant index, n, may beincremented to indicate a subsequent time instant.

In step 616, delay block 296 may receive a signal from delay block 294.The signal, signal(n-3), may have been generated by the MUX 290 at atime instant previous to the current time instant. In an embodiment ofthe invention, the signal, signal(n-3), may have been generated by theMUX 290 approximately 3 time units previous to the current time instant.In step 618, delay block 294 may receive a signal from delay block 292.The signal, signal(n-2), may have been generated by the MUX 290 at atime instant previous to the current time instant. In an embodiment ofthe invention, the signal, signal(n-2), may have been generated by theMUX 290 approximately 2 time units previous to the current time instant.In step 620, delay block 292 may receive a signal from the MUX block290. The signal, signal(n-1), may have been generated by the MUX 290 ata time instant previous to the current time instant. In an embodiment ofthe invention, the signal, signal(n-1), may have been generated by theMUX 290 approximately 1 time unit previous to the current time instant.In step 622, the signals signal(n-1), signal(n-2), and signal(n-3) maybe utilized by the timing error generator block 298 to generate a timingerror signal.

Various embodiments of the invention may comprise a system forprocessing a radio frequency (RF) signal. Aspects of the system maycomprise circuitry that receives a time phase corrected Bluetooth signalvia an RF channel. The circuitry may generate a phase error signal basedon the received time phase corrected Bluetooth signal, and generate amean phase error signal based on the generated phase error signal. Asignal to noise ratio (SNR) may be derived based on the generated meanphase error signal, and a data rate may be selected based on the derivedSNR.

Another aspect of the system may comprise circuitry that receives aBluetooth signal, comprising a received symbol, and generates aplurality of time delayed samples comprising at least one receivedsymbol, and at least one subsequent received symbol. The circuitry maygenerate a timing error signal based on at least a portion of thegenerated plurality of time delayed samples. The generated timing errorsignal may be compared to a numerical threshold value, with a timecorrection signal generated based on the comparison.

Accordingly, the present invention may be realized in hardware,software, or a combination of hardware and software. The presentinvention may be realized in a centralized fashion in at least onecomputer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elementsare spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind ofcomputer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methodsdescribed herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware andsoftware may be a general-purpose computer system with a computerprogram that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computersystem such that it carries out the methods described herein.

The present invention may also be embedded in a computer programproduct, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation ofthe methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer systemis able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the presentcontext means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of aset of instructions intended to cause a system having an informationprocessing capability to perform a particular function either directlyor after either or both of the following: a) conversion to anotherlanguage, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different materialform.

While the present invention has been described with reference to certainembodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatvarious changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention. In addition, manymodifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material tothe teachings of the present invention without departing from its scope.Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited tothe particular embodiment disclosed, but that the present invention willinclude all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

1. A method for processing a radio frequency (RF) signal, the methodcomprising: receiving a time phase corrected Bluetooth signal via an RFchannel; generating a phase error signal based on said received timephase corrected Bluetooth signal; generating a mean phase error signalbased on said generated phase error signal; deriving a signal to noiseratio (SNR) based on said generated mean phase error signal; andselecting a data rate based on said derived SNR.
 2. The method accordingto claim 1, comprising selecting a modulation type in accordance withsaid selected data rate.
 3. The method according to claim 1, comprisinggenerating said phase error signal based on at least one of: a generatedphase signal, and a generated angle signal.
 4. The method according toclaim 3, comprising generating said phase signal based on said generatedangle signal, and a generated reference phase signal.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 4, comprising: generating a subsequent referencephase signal based on said generated phase signal; and generating asubsequent phase signal based on said subsequent reference phase signal.6. The method according to claim 3, comprising generating a phaserotation signal based on said generated phase error signal.
 7. Themethod according to claim 6, comprising generating said generated anglesignal based on said generated phase rotation signal, and a receivedangle signal.
 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said generatedangle signal comprises a summation of said generated phase rotationsignal, and said received angle signal.
 9. The method according to claim8, wherein said summation comprises a modulo counter summation.
 10. Asystem for processing a radio frequency (RF) signal, the systemcomprising: one or more circuits that enable reception of a time phasecorrected Bluetooth signal via an RF channel; said one or more circuitsenable generation of a phase error signal based on said received timephase corrected Bluetooth signal; said one or more circuits enablegeneration of a mean phase error signal based on said generated phaseerror signal; said one or more circuits enable derivation of a signal tonoise ratio (SNR) based on said generated mean phase error signal; andsaid one or more circuits enable selection of a data rate based on saidderived SNR.
 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein said one ormore circuit enable selection of a modulation type in accordance withsaid selected data rate.
 12. The system according to claim 10, whereinsaid one or more circuits enable generation of said phase error signalbased on at least one of: a generated phase signal, and a generatedangle signal.
 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein said one ormore circuit enable generation of said phase signal based on saidgenerated angle signal, and a generated reference phase signal.
 14. Thesystem according to claim 13, wherein said one or more circuits: enablegeneration of a subsequent reference phase signal based on saidgenerated phase signal; and enable generation of a subsequent phasesignal based on said subsequent reference phase signal.
 15. The systemaccording to claim 12, wherein said one or more circuits enablegeneration of a phase rotation signal based on said generated phaseerror signal.
 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein said one ormore circuits enable generation of said generated angle signal based onsaid generated phase rotation signal, and a received angle signal. 17.The system according to claim 16, wherein said generated angle signalcomprises a summation of said generated phase rotation signal, and saidreceived angle signal.
 18. The system according to claim 17, whereinsaid summation comprises a modulo counter summation.
 19. A system forprocessing an RF signal, the system comprising: one or more circuitsthat enable reception of a Bluetooth signal, comprising a receivedsymbol, via an RF channel; said one or more circuits enable generationof a plurality of time delayed samples comprising at least one saidreceived symbol, and at least one subsequent received symbol; said oneor more circuits enable generation of a timing error signal based on atleast a portion of said generated plurality of time delayed samples; andsaid one or more circuits enable normalization of said subsequentreceived symbol, wherein a magnitude of said normalized subsequentreceived symbol is approximately equal to a magnitude of said receivedsymbol, wherein said normalizing is based on a received magnitudesignal.
 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein said one or morecircuits enable generation of an accumulated magnitude based on asummation of a plurality of said received magnitude signals, generatesan average magnitude based on multiplicative scaling of said accumulatedmagnitude, and generates a lookup table index by processing said averagemagnitude based on a normalize algorithm.
 21. The system according toclaim 20, wherein said one or more circuits enable selection of a lookuptable entry based on said lookup table index, and scales said selectedlookup table entry based on said normalize algorithm, wherein saidnormalizing comprises multiplicative scaling of said subsequent receivedsignal by said scaled selected lookup table entry.
 22. A system forprocessing an RF signal, the system comprising: one or more circuitsthat enable reception of a Bluetooth signal, comprising a receivedsymbol, via an RF channel; said one or more circuits enable generationof a plurality of time delayed samples comprising at least one saidreceived symbol, and at least one subsequent received symbol; said oneor more circuits enable generation of a timing error signal based on atleast a portion of said generated plurality of time delayed samples;said one or more circuits enable comparison of said generated timingerror signal to a numerical threshold value, and generates a timecorrection signal based on said comparing; and said one or more circuitsenable generation of a weighted average wherein said weighted averagecomprises a plurality of samples of said timing error signal generatedat distinct time instants.
 23. The system according to claim 22, whereinsaid one or more circuits enable generation of a summation of saidweighted average.
 24. The system according to claim 23, wherein saidsummation comprises a modulo counter summation.